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  • María Eugenia Mamani Herrera, “Claudina La Maldita”, baila durante el carnaval en El Alto, Bolivia, el 18 de Febrero de 2012.<br />
<br />
En la ciudad de El Alto - ciudad vecina con La Paz, Bolivia- situada a una altura de 4,000 msnm, turistas y gente local hacen fila para comprar boletos para presenciar el espectáculo de las cholitas luchadoras.  Cada domingo un grupo de mujeres, las “cholitas”, se prepara para dar un espectáculo de lucha libre. Ellas portan la ropa tradicional de las mujeres Aymaras, que se ha mantenido desde la época colonial. Su atuendo consiste en faldas amplias, bombines -sombrero típico-, zapatos de plástico, trenzas hasta la cintura, joyas de gran tamaño, maquillaje y chales bordados.<br />
Yenny Wilma Maraz, conocida como “Marta La Alteña”, saluda al público con los brazos extendidos bailando al ritmo de la música, entrega su chal y su sombrero para subir al ring. Sube orgullosa aún siendo abucheada por el público. Ella es ruda y tendrá que pelear contra los buenos.<br />
La lucha libre es un espectáculo teatral, pero también requiere de un enorme esfuerzo físico y de entrenamiento constante para poder realizar vuelos desde las cuerdas del ring y soportar las caídas, que muchas veces son dolorosas.<br />
Los eventos de lucha libre son un negocio cada vez mayor. Cientos de turistas y bolivianos, asisten cada semana para ver a las cholitas vencer a sus adversarios. Las cholitas como otros luchadores pertenecen a grupos manejados por diferentes mánager, quienes en muchas ocasiones sacan ventaja, llevándose gran parte de las ganancias y dejando a ellas con casi nada. Esto ha creado divisiones, y por lo tanto, se han conformado nuevos grupos tales como Las Diosas del Ring, quienes ofrecen su espectáculo en diferentes puntos de la ciudad. La lucha libre boliviana ha ganado popularidad y ha traspasado fronteras gracias a las Cholitas luchadoras.
    10-3-Rodrigo-Cruz-01.JPG
  • El público aplaude y apoya a sus luchadores favoritos en el espectáculo de lucha libre que se lleva a cabo cada domingo en el Multifuncional El Alto, en El Alto, Bolivia, el 26 de Febrero de 2012.
    10-3-Rodrigo-Cruz-05.JPG
  • Sarita “La Romántica” baila al ritmo de la música moviendo su pollera en el momento de la entrada al cuadrilátero de lucha libre. Las Cholitas usan el vestido tradicional de los Aymara para luchar en el cuadrilátero, en El Alto, Bolivia, el 26 de Febrero de 2012.
    10-3-Rodrigo-Cruz-03.JPG
  • Yenny Wilma Maraz, “Marta La Alteña” derribada al piso se queja del dolor por una serie de golpes que recibio de su adversario durante su enfrentamiento de lucha libre. Las Cholitas usan el vestido tradicional de los Aymara para luchar en el cuadrilátero, en El Alto, Bolivia, el 26 de Febrero de 2012.
    10-3-Rodrigo-Cruz-08.JPG
  • Patricia Kaly Tito, “Alicia Flores”, en el interior de su casa. Las Cholitas usan el vestido tradicional de los Aymara para luchar en el cuadrilátero, en El Alto, Bolivia, el 25 de Febrero de 2012.
    10-3-Rodrigo-Cruz-06.JPG
  • Patricia Kaly Tito, “Alicia Flores” golpea con un pedazo de madera a su adversario durante el espectáculo de lucha libre que ofrecen cada domingo. Las Cholitas usan el vestido tradicional de los Aymara para luchar en el cuadrilátero, en La Paz, Bolivia, el 19 de Febrero de 2012.
    10-3-Rodrigo-Cruz-04.JPG
  • Jennifer “Dos Caras” ayuda en la decoración del consultorio de una amiga para la chaya (ritual andino que se basa en el acto de regar la tierra u otro bien con alcohol y elementos simbólicos) durante el carnaval de la ciudad de La Paz, Bolivia, el 17 de Febrero de 2012.
    10-3-Rodrigo-Cruz-02.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia <br />
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Carmen Rosa La Luchadora peina su cabello afuera de su casa<br />
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Foto:Juan Gonzalez<br />
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CHOLITA LIBRE<br />
<br />
Carmen Rosa La Campeona<br />
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En las alturas del altiplano Boliviano, vive una mujer indígena de 41 años que  se esfuerza  por conquistar el mundo de la lucha libre profesional en este país, mundo que es dominado por un ferviente sistema machista. Esta luchadora, con su típico sombrero de Bombín y su pollera, realiza esta actividad desde el 2001 año en el cual comenzó a luchar en un club llamado los Titanes del Ring que produjo sus primeras excursiones con el mundo de la lucha libre. Tres años  después se retiro de ahí, por este motivo formo una nueva sociedad con tres cholitas luchadoras las que se apodaron las Mamachas del Ring, este grupo se formo luego  de a ver sido confinado  por un empresario llamado Juan Mamani que lucraba monetariamente  y las luchadoras recibían malos tratos. Este equipo de lucha comenzó a recorrer cada rincón de su país encabezado por su líder Carmen Rosa, durante este tiempo muchos medios de comunicación extranjera y turistas que visitaban Bolivia no perdían la oportunidad de ver  este espectáculo novedoso.<br />
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 	“La campeona” divide su tiempo entre  las tareas del hogar, el gimnasio y  también el trabajo en un canal de televisión en Bolivia (PAT), específicamente, en el programa  “del cielo al infierno” donde su rol es de notera, cosa poco común entre las cholitas. Por esta  razón,  el  tiempo dedicado a sus hijos y marido Oscar  se vuelve escaso.<br />
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El fenómeno de  esta  luchadora  no solo ha cambiado  el rígido  paradigma cultural  de Bolivia , sino que también  se alinea en  las sendas  de una resignificación femenina , debido a que  en ella   también es notoria una lucha , fuera del cuadrilátero, para posicionar el poderío femenino. <br />
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finalmente  este hecho es contradictorio, en tanto, se entiende que hay una  tensión entre una cultura  tradicional  patriarcal y otra externa, en la
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-01.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia<br />
Fanáticos de la Lucha Libre como Mujeres típica de Bolivia conocidas como Cholitas y niños gritan entretenidamente al observar la lucha<br />
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Foto:Juan Gonzalez
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-08.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia<br />
Carmen Rosa La Luchadora de Camisa Negra levanta a su rival Julia La Paceña en la lucha por el titulo de Bolivia en la localidad de Yojeta Central <br />
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Foto:Juan Gonzalez
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-06.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia<br />
Carmen Rosa La Luchadora Posa en un Túnel en la zona Sur de La Paz Bolivia<br />
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Fotos:Juan Gonzalez
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-04.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia<br />
Carmen Rosa La Luchadora al centro de la fotografía de rojo camina alrededor de la gente por las calles del centro de la Paz Bolivia<br />
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Foto:Juan Gonzalez
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-03.JPG
  • Yenny Wilma Maraz, “Marta La Alteña” (centro) se queja de un golpe ilegal ante el referee durante su lucha con Jennifer “Dos Caras”. Las Cholitas usan la vestimenta tradicional de los Aymara cuando entran al ring a luchar, el 19 de Febrero de 2012.
    10-3-Rodrigo-Cruz-07.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia<br />
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Julia La Paceña de vestido naranjo en suelo es derrotada por Carmen Rosa y su compañero el enmascarado<br />
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Foto.Juan Gonzalez
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-07.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia<br />
Carmen Rosa La Luchadora de camisa negra al costado izquierdo salta con su compañero luchador el enmascarado para derrotar a la luchadora en el suelo Julia la Paceña<br />
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Foto:Juan Gonzalez
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-09.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia<br />
en la fotografía el sobrero típico  de Carmen Rosa junto con el cinturón de Campeona de Lucha Libre Boliviana<br />
<br />
Foto:Juan Gonzalez
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-10.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia<br />
Carmen Rosa La Luchado camina alrededor del Ring para disputar el próximo combate de Lucha<br />
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Foto:Juan Gonzalez
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-05.JPG
  • Abril y Mayo 2011/Bolivia<br />
Carmen Rosa La Luchadora en la silueta camina para asistir a una lucha<br />
<br />
Foto:Juan Gonzalez
    10-HM-Juan-Gonzalez-02.JPG
  • A puppet hangs as a warning for thieves that they will be lynched and burnt if caught by neighbors, in El Alto, overlooking La Paz city, Bolivia. July, 18, 2010. With crime out of control neighbors in El Alto had decided to protect from thieves by themselves in what they call Justicia Comunitaria (community justice). Puppets are hanged around the city in organized neirghborhoods with signs that read "caught thieves will be lynched and burnt alive", and so they do.  Every month mobs attack suspects and burn them alive immediately. In many cases innocent are killed by an uncontrolable mob. Amazingly there havent been any trial against these murder.
    LAT01-16-MuniT-05.JPG
  • Latin American Immigrants in Barcelona.<br />
The mother of Sandra (the bride) tells her grandson to be quiet during the wedding ceremony. Sandra (spanish) marries Carlos (ecuatorian) in Barcelona and they move to live in Ecuador with Carlos' 3 old year son Antoni. After a couple months Carlos said that he "didn't get used to" Ecuador and the family decided to move back to Barcelona again. They now live in one of the suburbs of Barcelona and Carlos works within the construction sector. His father (in the black suit) has however moved back to Ecuador and has built 2 houses and started a company that rents construction machinery.
    LAT01-11-PatiD-A-06.JPG
  • Carlos (in the mirrow) from Ecuador supervises his friend Agustín from Paraguay during the renovation of a kitchen in a Barcelona apartment. Carlos came to Barcelona in 2000 to join his wife Flor who arrived 2 years earlier. When Flor came to Spain she worked to be able to send money in order for her family to come and join her. After one year living in a flat with 25 other persons, Carlos and Flor got their papers and were able to rent a flat and bring they 2 sons. Now Carlos has a small construction company and Flor keeps working in the same house since 1998.  Ecuatorians is the biggest group of latinamericans in Barcelona and in Spain. Official statistics estimate that there are between 350.000 to 500.000 ecuatorians in the country.
    LAT01-11-PatiD-A-05.JPG
  • Latin American Immigrants in Barcelona.<br />
Danny and Emilio in the house of Emilo's mother (Paquita) before lunch. The economic crisis in 2008 affected them very hard because Danny was not able to find a full-time job and either Emilio, as he sufer from epilepsy. Emilio decided to sell his summer house in Costa Brava in Barcelona in order to be able to buy a new house in the Dominican Republic. Danny and Emilio later moved to live in the Dominican Republic with Danny's her 3 dauthers. Unfortunately the move was delayed more than a year becuase Emilio's mother didn't let him go. Emilio and Danny flew to the Dominican Republic this summer but had to come back to Barcelona again because Emilio's mother passed away. Unfortunately, when they got to back to the Dominican Republic, Emilio fell into a health crisis and passed away this November. Danny is now living both in the United States and the Dominican Republic with his 3 dauthers.
    LAT01-11-PatiD-A-04.JPG
  • Dancers pray on their knees and offer their dance to the Virgen del Socavon.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-34.JPG
  • Miners chew coca and pay their respects to the uncle of the mine.  The offerings include coca leaves, alcohol, tobacco and llama or sheep sacrifices.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-41.JPG
  • A dancer talks on her cell phone before she performs in the celebrations.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-39.JPG
  • A llama's head turns to ashes after it was burned as an offering for good luck during the week of carnival in Oruro.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-42.JPG
  • Bands play during the battle of the bands celebration in the plaza outside the church after sunrise.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-40.JPG
  • Dancers use high heels for the most part and get mud splashed on them because it is the rainy season in Oruro.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-36.JPG
  • This type of offering is left during the celebrations around the crops in the fields.  This will assure them a good harvest during the year. February is the month dedicated to the Uncle, or devil,  in the mining town of Oruro, and also to the Virgin of the Cave (Virgen del Socavon). Dancers, from all around the state, come to Oruro and flood its streets.  The “Diablada of Oruro” is much more than a popular celebration during carnival. It is a dance dedicated to the misunderstood  devil, or the Uncle, who lives in the guts of Pachamama or mother Earth.  The miners say the Uncle is like a friend that protects them from any accident and helps them find their minerals.  The dancers dance for many hours through out the city and finally get to the church of el Socavon where they get on their knees to offer their dance to the virgin.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-31.JPG
  • An angel before the beginning of the dancing parade.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-33.JPG
  • Dancers during the night celebrations.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-38.JPG
  • A man sells key chains with the image of the Virgen del Socavon outside the church.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-37.JPG
  • One group of devil dancers, enters the church of the Socavon after finishing their dance.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-32.JPG
  • A man throws fireworks in the air during the celebrations.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-35.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.<br />
Retratos de la Campaña de la ONG Medicos del Mundo España para sus proyectos en Bolivia.<br />
Trabajo realizado en el Altiplano Boliviano durante el verano del 2011, la idea principal era enseñar de una forma directa <br />
a los protagonistas de los programas que tiene Medicos sobre el terreno. <br />
Por la dificultad y timidez de muchos de los personajes las fotografías fueron tomadas con el programa <br />
Hipstamatic de IPHONE.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-23.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.<br />
Retratos de la Campaña de la ONG Medicos del Mundo España para sus proyectos en Bolivia.<br />
Trabajo realizado en el Altiplano Boliviano durante el verano del 2011, la idea principal era enseñar de una forma directa <br />
a los protagonistas de los programas que tiene Medicos sobre el terreno. <br />
Por la dificultad y timidez de muchos de los personajes las fotografías fueron tomadas con el programa <br />
Hipstamatic de IPHONE.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-28.JPG
  • Santa Rita is a Mennonite community near Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The Mennonites came from Europe to Canada, then Mexico and finally Bolivia. There are around 15,000 Mennonites living in Bolivia. Most of them work their land and live in organized social structures. They are very religious and frown upon any technology coming into their communities. They speak German and only the men speak Spanish to do business with the local Bolivians.
    LAT01-16-RunaKG-A-21.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-27.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-25.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-24.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-26.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-19.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-29.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-22.JPG
  • Portraits of the campaign of the NGO Doctors of the World Spain for their projects in Bolivia.Work done in the Bolivian Altiplano during the summer of 2011, the main idea was to show a directthe protagonists who have Medicaid programs in the field.Because of the difficulty and embarrassment of many of the characters in the photographs were taken with the programHipstamatic iPhone.
    16-HM-Javier-Arcenillas-20.JPG
  • The remains of Buenaventur mining town in the higlands near the border with Bolivia, and Aucanquilcha volcano in the background. All the Atacama desert is littered with abandoned mining towns. November 2009.
    LAT01-16-MuniT-A-09.JPG
  • The remains of Buenaventur mining town in the higlands near the border with Bolivia, and Aucanquilcha volcano in the background. All the Atacama desert is littered with abandoned mining towns,  a reminder of the ephemeral of "gold" rushes and what is coming next after the water is gone. November 2009.
    LAT01-07-MuniT-B-03.JPG
  • Latin American Immigrants in Barcelona.<br />
Resume:<br />
Spain is recognized as one of the new immigration countries in Europe. Since 1996 this country has changed dramatically from having been a country that people left to be a country that people move to. During the past 10 years, thank's to the rapid growth of the construction and service sectors, the population with foreign decent has increased and now amounts to 13,5% of the country's total population. The majority of the new citizens of Spain have come from Latin America, primarily from Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and the Dominican Republic. It is estimated that there are around 6 million foreigners in Spain and Barcelona is the second city to has a largest latin american community. In Barcelona it is estimated that 18% of the population is immigrated. Ten years ago, the immigrants were the answer to Barcelona growing economy, but as a consequence of the crisis that hit Spain in 2008 the immigrants are now rather seen as the source of the economic problems. This story aims at portraying the daily life of the new citizens of Barcelona on order to widen the discussion about the immigrants and their role in the society. This story is part of a documentary photo project called The new citizens of Barcelona and has been published in 2010 by several media like: Mondaphoto of Mexico, the newspaper El Telegrafo and Expreso from Ecuador and the photodocumentary latin american magazine Sueno de la Razón. <br />
<br />
In the picture: <br />
The face of Danny Rosado from the Dominican Republic reflects in the glass of the window of the train that takes her to her home in Barcelona. Danny came to Barcelona in 2003 and started to work as a domestic assistant. In 2008 she got married to Emilio (spanish) and moved with him to  a single room in a shared apartment  with an ecuatorian family living in Cornella. After she moved to live with her husband, she worked taking care of her mother in law who had Alzheimer's disease.
    LAT01-11-PatiD-A-01.JPG
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